Can My Cat Be A Service Animal

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Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they immune and under what weather condition?

 Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Eye
A plan of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This manual is dedicated to the memory of Pax, a devoted guide canis familiaris, and to all the handler and canis familiaris teams working together across the nation. Guide dogs arrive possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, freedom and dignity.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over ten years. Together they negotiated countless busy intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and small-scale. His skillful guiding kept his handler from injury on more than one occasion. He accompanied his handler to business meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself as would any highly-trained guide domestic dog. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the first dog to fly in the cabin of a domestic aircraft to Nifty United kingdom, a country that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was born in the kennels of The Seeing Eye in the beautiful Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family for almost a year where he learned basic obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of community life—the aforementioned experiences he would presently face up as a guide dog. He then went through 4 months of intensive grooming where he learned how to guide and ensure the condom of the person with whom he would be matched. In Nov 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a team until Pax's retirement in January 2012, later a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler's family, where he lived with ii other dogs. His life was full of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his death in Jan 2014.

Information technology is the sincere hope of Pax'south handler that this guide will be useful in improving the agreement well-nigh service animals, their purpose and part, their extensive preparation, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the aforementioned access to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others take for granted.

I.  Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may use service animals and emotional back up animals for a variety of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal ceremonious rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service animate being. These laws, also as instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the final section of this publication. Many states also have laws that provide a different definition of service animal. You lot should check your state'south law and follow the law that offers the most protection for service animals.  The certificate discusses service animals in a number of different settings every bit the rules and allowances related to admission with service animals will vary according to the law practical and the setting.

2. Service Beast Defined by Championship II and Title III of the ADA

A service animal means whatsoever dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the do good of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental inability. Tasks performed can include, among other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a audio, reminding a person to take medication, or pressing an elevator button.

Emotional support animals, comfort animals, and therapy dogs are not service animals nether Title II and Title III of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are not considered service animals either. The work or tasks performed past a service brute must be straight related to the private's disability. It does not affair if a person has a note from a doc that states that the person has a disability and needs to take the animal for emotional back up. A doctor's letter does not plow an animal into a service animal.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA's definition of "service animal" because they take been specifically trained to perform a task for the person with a disability:

· Guide Dog or Seeing Heart® Canis familiaris¹ is a advisedly trained canis familiaris that serves as a travel tool for persons who have severe visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Indicate Canis familiaris is a dog that has been trained to alert a person who has a pregnant hearing loss or is deaf when a sound occurs, such as a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Canis familiaris is a domestic dog that has been trained to perform tasks that assist individuals with disabilities to detect the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed by psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing prophylactic checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Postal service Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting self-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory indicate dogs or social signal dog) is a dog trained to aid a person with autism. The canis familiaris alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements common among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the move (east.g., hand flapping).

· Seizure Response Dog is a dog trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the dog serves the person depends on the person's needs. The domestic dog may stand up guard over the person during a seizure or the dog may go for help. A few dogs have learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in advance to sit downwardly or movement to a safe place.

Under Title II and III of the ADA, service animals are limited to dogs. However, entities must brand reasonable modifications in policies to allow individuals with disabilities to use miniature horses if they have been individually trained to practice work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

III. Other Support or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Back up Animals or Condolement Animals are often used as part of a medical treatment plan every bit therapy animals, they are not considered service animals under the ADA. These back up animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes aid with depression, feet, and certain phobias, simply exercise non have special preparation to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Even though some states accept laws defining therapy animals, these animals are non limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are not covered by federal laws protecting the use of service animals.  Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, usually in a clinical setting, to improve their concrete, social, emotional, and/or cognitive functioning.

4. Handler'south Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service creature. If a service animate being behaves in an unacceptable style and the person with a disability does non control the animal, a business organisation or other entity does not have to allow the animal onto its premises. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running away from the handler are examples of unacceptable behavior for a service fauna. A business organization has the right to deny access to a domestic dog that disrupts their business organisation. For case, a service dog that barks repeatedly and disrupts another patron'due south enjoyment of a movie could be asked to go out the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service animal when the creature'due south beliefs poses a straight threat to the health or safety of others. If a service animal is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may exist asked to remove the animal.

· The ADA requires the creature to be under the control of the handler.  This tin can occur using a harness, leash, or other tether.  However, in cases where either the handler is unable to agree a tether because of a disability or its use would interfere with the service animal's safe, effective performance of work or tasks, the service animal must be under the handler's control by some other means, such every bit vocalisation control.²

· The beast must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not require covered entities to provide for the care or supervision of a service animate being, including cleaning upwards after the animal.

· The brute should be vaccinated in accordance with country and local laws.

· An entity may also assess the type, size, and weight of a miniature horse in determining whether or non the equus caballus volition be allowed access to the facility.

V. Handler'due south Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles II and III of the ADA makes it clear that service animals are allowed in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must be allowed to accompany the handler to whatever place in the edifice or facility where members of the public, programme participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Even if the business concern or public program has a "no pets" policy, it may non deny entry to a person with a service creature. Service animals are not pets. So, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does not allow a business to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service animal enters a public facility or identify of public accommodation, the person cannot exist asked near the nature or extent of his disability. Only two questions may be asked:

one. Is the animal required because of a disability?

2. What work or job has the beast been trained to perform?

These questions should not exist asked, however, if the animal's service tasks are obvious. For example, the questions may non be asked if the dog is observed guiding an individual who is blind or has low vision, pulling a person's wheelchair, or providing assist with stability or balance to an individual with an observable mobility disability.⁴

A public accommodation or facility is non allowed to ask for documentation or proof that the animal has been certified, trained, or licensed as a service animal. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs do not apply to service animals.⁵

A place of public accommodation or public entity may not ask an private with a disability to pay a surcharge, even if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot require anything of people with service animals that they do non require of individuals in general, with or without pets. If a public accommodation commonly charges individuals for the damage they cause, an individual with a disability may be charged for damage caused by his or her service animal.⁶

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment discrimination considering of a disability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Assuasive an private with a disability to have a service beast or an emotional support animal accompany them to work may be considered an accommodation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Committee (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Title I), does non have a specific regulation on service animals.⁷ In the example of a service animal or an emotional support animal, if the disability is non obvious and/or the reason the animal is needed is not clear, an employer may asking documentation to establish the existence of a disability and how the creature helps the individual perform his or her task.

Documentation might include a detailed description of how the animal would help the employee in performing chore tasks and how the animal is trained to carry in the workplace.  A person seeking such an adaptation may suggest that the employer permit the animal to accompany them to work on a trial ground.

Both service and emotional support animals may be excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a direct threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Act (FHA) protects a person with a disability from discrimination in obtaining housing. Under this law, a landlord or homeowner's association must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities and so that they accept an equal opportunity to savor and apply a dwelling.⁸ Emotional back up animals that do not qualify as service animals under the ADA may notwithstanding qualify as reasonable accommodations nether the FHA.⁹ In cases when a person with a disability uses a service brute or an emotional back up animal, a reasonable accommodation may include waiving a no-pet rule or a pet deposit.^ten This animal is not considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner'due south association may not inquire a housing applicant about the existence, nature, and extent of his or her disability. However, an private with a disability who requests a reasonable accommodation may be asked to provide documentation so that the landlord or homeowner'due south association can properly review the accommodation request.^eleven They tin ask a person to certify, in writing, (1) that the tenant or a member of his or her family is a person with a inability; (2) the need for the beast to assist the person with that specific disability; and (3) that the animal actually assists the person with a disability.  Information technology is important to proceed in listen that the ADA may employ in the housing context as well, for example with student housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would not exist permitted with regard to an animal that qualifies as a "service animal."

d) Education

Service animals in public schools (One thousand-12) ¹³ – The ADA permits a student with a disability who uses a service creature to have the animal at schoolhouse.  In improver, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act allow a student to use an animal that does not meet the ADA definition of a service beast if that pupil'south Individual Education Programme (IEP) or Department 504 team decides the beast is necessary for the student to receive a complimentary and appropriate education.  Where the ADA applies, however, schools should exist mindful that the apply of a service animal is a right that is not dependent upon the decision of an IEP or Section 504 squad.^fourteen

Emotional back up animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom allowed to accompany students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does not contemplate the use of animals other than those coming together the definition of "service animal."  Ultimately, the determination whether a educatee may utilize an creature other than a service animal should be made on a example-past-case basis by the IEP or Section 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary didactics settings – Under the ADA, colleges and universities must allow people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may have a policy asking students who apply service animals to contact the schoolhouse's Disability Services Coordinator to register as a educatee with a inability. College instruction institutions may not crave any documentation nearly the training or certification of a service animate being. They may, withal, require proof that a service animal has any vaccinations required by land or local laws that employ to all animals.

e) Transportation

A person traveling with a service animal cannot be denied admission to transportation, even if there is a "no pets" policy. In add-on, the person with a service animal cannot be forced to sit in a detail spot; no additional fees can exist charged because the person uses a service animal; and the client does non accept to provide accelerate find that s/he will be traveling with a service animal.

The laws use to both public and private transportation providers and include subways, fixed-route buses, Paratransit, rail, lite-rails, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the end of 2020, the U.Southward. Section of Transportation (DOT) announced that it revised its Air Carrier Access Act regulation on the transportation of service animals by air. We are working to update the data provided below to align with the changes. While we accept the fourth dimension to update our information, bank check out a summary of the changes available on DOT's website. You tin also discover some boosted information in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection'south commodity about service animals.

The Air Carrier Access Human activity (ACAA) requires airlines to allow service animals and emotional back up animals to accompany their handlers in the cabin of the shipping.

Service animals – For evidence that an animate being is a service animal, air carriers may ask to see identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or enquire for verbal assurances from the individual with a disability using the beast. If airline personnel are uncertain that an animal is a service animal, they may ask one of the post-obit:

1. What tasks or functions does your beast perform for yous?

two. What has your animal been trained to practice for you?

3. Would you describe how the animate being performs this task for you? ^xv

Emotional support and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional back up animals or psychiatric service animals may need to provide specific documentation to institute that they have a disability and the reason the fauna must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional support or psychiatric animals should contact the airline ahead of time to find out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may exist requested past the airline: Current documentation (not more than than ane year onetime) on letterhead from a licensed mental wellness professional stating (one) the passenger has a mental wellness-related disability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM Four); (2) having the animal back-trail the rider is necessary to the rider'south mental health or treatment; (3) the individual providing the assessment of the rider is a licensed mental health professional person and the rider is under his or her professional care; and (4) the engagement and type of the mental health professional person's license and the state or other jurisdiction in which it was issued.^sixteen This documentation may be required every bit a condition of permitting the animal to back-trail the passenger in the motel.

Other animals – According to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to carry animals of any kind either in the cabin or in the cargo hold. Airlines are free to adopt whatever policy they choose regarding the railroad vehicle of pets and other animals (for instance, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicable requirements (for example, the Animal Welfare Human activity).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must determine on a case-by-case basis according to factors such as the animate being's size and weight; state and foreign country restrictions; whether or not the animal would pose a direct threat to the health or prophylactic of others; or crusade a key alteration in the cabin service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines ahead of travel to observe out what is permitted.

Airlines are not required to transport unusual animals such as snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Strange carriers are not required to send animals other than dogs.¹⁸

VI. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fearfulness of dogs are non valid reasons for denying access or refusing service to people using service animals.  If employees, fellow travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may exist to allow enough space for that person to avoid getting close to the service animal.

Almost allergies to animals are acquired by directly contact with the animal. A separated space might be adequate to avert allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a significant allergic reaction to an brute, it is the responsibility of the business or government entity to detect a way to accommodate both the private using the service animal and the individual with the allergy.

Seven. Service Animals in Training

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) does not allow "service animals in training" in the motel of the aircraft because "in training" condition indicates that they do not still meet the legal definition of service animal. Still, similar pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in grooming vary. Some airlines permit qualified trainers to bring service animals in training aboard an aircraft for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and become familiar with their policies.

 b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may be obligated to let employees to bring their "service beast in training" into the workplace as a reasonable accommodation, especially if the creature is being trained to assist the employee with work-related tasks. The untrained creature may exist excluded, however, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title II and III of the ADA does non embrace "service animals in preparation" but several states take laws when they should exist allowed access.

Viii. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title 2 of the ADA covers state and local government facilities, activities, and programs. Title III of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. It also covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title II and Championship III Complaints – These can be filed through individual lawsuits in federal court or directed to the U.S. Department of Justice.

U.S. Section of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Civil Rights Division
Disability Rights Department – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (5)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be made to the specific federal bureau that oversees the plan or funding.

b) Employment

Title I of the ADA and Section 501 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in employment. The ADA covers private employers with 15 or more employees; Section 501 applies to federal agencies, and Section 504 applies to any program or entity receiving federal financial assistance.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) within 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This deadline may be extended to 300 days if there is a country or local fair employment practices bureau that also has jurisdiction over this affair. Complaints may exist filed in person, by mail, or by telephone by contacting the nearest EEOC office. This number is listed in most telephone directories under "U.South. Government." For more data:

http://www.eeoc.gov/contact/index.cfm
800-669-4000 (vocalization)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Section 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their agency'due south Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer within 45 days of an alleged Section 501 violation.

Department 504 Complaints – These must be filed with the federal agency that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Act (FHA), as amended in 1988, applies to housing. Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Human activity of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal government or receive federal financial assistance. Title II of the ADA applies to housing provided past country or local government entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may exist filed with the Department of Housing and Urban Evolution (HUD) Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://www.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (phonation)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Education

Students with disabilities in public schools (K-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Didactics Deed (Idea), Title 2 of the ADA, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary educational activity are covered by Title Ii and Department 504.  Title Three of the ADA applies to private schools (K-12 and post-secondary) that are not operated past religious entities. Individual schools that receive federal funding are as well covered by Section 504.

Idea Complaints - Parents can asking a due process hearing and a review from the state educational agency if applicable in that state. They also can appeal the state agency'south conclusion to state or federal courtroom. You may contact the Role of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for farther data or to provide your ain thoughts and ideas on how they may better serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more information contact:

Function of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.S. Department of Teaching

400 Maryland Artery, S.West.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (vocalization)

Title II of the ADA and Section 504 Complaints - The Role for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Department of Instruction enforces Title II of the ADA and Department 504 as they utilise to education. Those who accept had access denied due to a service brute may file a complaint with OCR or file a individual lawsuit in federal court. An OCR complaint must be filed inside 180 agenda days of the date of the alleged discrimination, unless the fourth dimension for filing is extended for good cause. Before filing an OCR complaint against an institution, an individual may want to find out about the institution's grievance process and utilize that process to have the complaint resolved. However, an private is non required past police to apply the institutional grievance process before filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance process and and so chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR within 60 days after the terminal act of the institutional grievance process.

For more information contact:

U.S. Department of Pedagogy

Office for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Customer Service: 800-421-3481 (voice)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

E-mail: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/listing/ocr/docs/howto.html

Title III Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.Southward. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

Ceremonious Rights Division

Inability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://world wide web.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (five)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

e) Transportation

Title II of the ADA applies to public transportation while Title III of the ADA applies to transportation provided by individual entities. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Title Ii and Section 504 Complaints – These may be filed with the Federal Transit Assistants'southward Role of Ceremonious Rights. For more information, contact:

Director, FTA Function of Ceremonious Rights

Eastward Edifice – 5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., S.E.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Assistance Line: 888-446-4511 (Phonation)
800-877-8339 (Federal Information Relay Service)
http://world wide web.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://www.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Form)

Championship 3 Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northward.Westward.

Civil Rights Division

Disability Rights Department – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Note: A person does not have to file a complaint with the respective federal agency before filing a lawsuit in federal court.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Admission Act (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations analyze what animals are considered service animals and explain how each blazon of brute should be treated.

ACAA complaints may be submitted to the Department of Transportation's Aviation Consumer Protection Division. Air travelers who experience disability-related air travel service problems may call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (vocalism) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would like the Section of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint about a inability effect must submit their complaint in writing or via east-mail to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Segmentation
Attn: C-75-D
U.South. Department of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Ave, South.East.
Washington, DC 20590

For additional information and questions about your rights under whatever of these laws, contact your regional ADA centre at 800-949-4232 (vox/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were adult past the Southwest ADA Center under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Department of Education's National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR). However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Didactics and you should not assume endorsement past the Federal Regime.

Southwest ADA Eye at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Inquiry Center
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (voice/TTY)
800.949.4232 (voice/TTY)
http://www.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Center is a program of ILRU (Independent Living Research Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann.  The Southwest ADA Centre is office of a national network of ten regional ADA Centers that provide up-to-date information, referrals, resources, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The centers serve a multifariousness of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Telephone call 1-800-949-4232 v/tty to attain the middle that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This book is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Heart would like to thank Jacquie Brennan (author), Ramin Taheri, Richard Petty, Kathy Gips, Sally Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Chase, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Knowledge Translation Center at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

© Southwest ADA Centre 2014. All rights reserved

Principal Investigator: Lex Frieden
Projection Director: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

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[1] http://world wide web.seeingeye.org

[two] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(4); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[3] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(2); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(2).

[4] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(vi).

[5] See 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak v. Aurelia, City of,  C 11-4111-MWB (Northward.D. Iowa Dec. 28, 2011)

[half-dozen] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(8).

[7] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may exist an accommodation..."For example, it would be a reasonable accommodation for an employer to permit an individual who is blind to use a guide domestic dog at work, fifty-fifty though the employer would non exist required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[8] 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(three)(B).

[9] Fair Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 3:09-cv-58 (D.N.D. Mar. 30, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of assist animals regardless of grooming, including those that ameliorate a physical disability and those that ameliorate a mental disability."

[10] See Bronk v. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (7th Cir. 1995); HUD v. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Green v. Housing Authority of Clackamas Canton, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[xi] Hawn 5. Shoreline Towers Phase i Condominium Clan, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] See "Pet Ownership for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 Oct 2008), pp. 63834-63838; United States. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations nether the Fair Housing Act: Joint Statement of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and Department of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.South. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.South. Department of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://www.justice.gov/crt/near/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[13] Individual schools that are non operated by religious entities are considered public accommodations. Delight refer to Department V(a).

[14] Sullivan 5. Vallejo Urban center Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (E.D. Cal. 1990).

[15] "Guidance Concerning Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Register ninety (9 May 2003), p. 24875.

[16] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(e).

[17] fourteen C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[eighteen] Id.

Source: https://adata.org/guide/service-animals-and-emotional-support-animals

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